The put-call ratio is a widely used indicator in options trading that helps traders assess market sentiment and potential price movements. It is calculated by dividing the number of put options (contracts that give the holder the right to sell an asset) by the number of call options (contracts that give the holder the right to buy an asset) in a specific market. A high put call ratio indicates a bearish sentiment, suggesting that more traders are betting on the market's decline, while a low ratio signals bullish sentiment, with more traders expecting a rise in asset prices. Traders often use the put-call ratio as a contrarian indicator: if the ratio is unusually high, it could indicate market pessimism, which may signal an impending rally. On the other hand, if the ratio is extremely low, it could suggest excessive optimism and potential overbought conditions. Additionally, the put-call ratio is useful for assessing market volatility and identifying trends, making it a valuable tool for both short-term and long-term traders. By analysing this ratio in combination with other technical indicators, traders can make more informed decisions and better manage risk in the dynamic world of options trading.